A herniated disc is one of the intervertebral discs that extends beyond the capsule containing it and pushes into the spinal canal. You might develop a prolapsed disc from lifting something the wrong way or from suddenly twisting your spine. Other causes include being overweight and experiencing degeneration due to disease or aging. A herniated disc doesn’t always cause pain or discomfort, but if it pushes against a nerve in your lower back, you may have pain in the back or legs, it is called as schiatica. If a herniated disc occurs in your neck, you may have pain in your neck, shoulders, and arms. Besides pain, a herniated disc can lead to numbness, tingling, and weakness. Surgery involving the spine is typically not recommended until you’ve tried all other options.

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https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lumbar-decompression-surgery/what-happens/