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Stroke

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Overview

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, either by a blockage or a bleed. There are two main types of stroke:

  • Ischemic stroke: this is the most common type of stroke and occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot.
  • Hemorrhagic stroke: this type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds.

 

Causes of a stroke can include:

  • High blood pressure
  • Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
  • Heart disease, such as atrial fibrillation
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity

Symptoms of a stroke can include:

  • Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body
  • Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
  • Vision problems in one or both eyes
  • Dizziness or loss of balance or coordination
  • Severe headache with no known cause

 

Diagnosis of a stroke involves a physical examination, an evaluation of medical history and neurological examination, CT scan or MRI of the brain, blood test and other tests to determine the cause.

 

Treatment for a stroke will depend on the type of stroke and the cause. Some common treatments include:

  • Medications to dissolve blood clots or stop bleeding
  • Surgery to remove a clot or repair a ruptured blood vessel
  • Rehabilitation to help with recovery and regain strength and function
  • Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise to reduce the risk of future stroke.

 

It is important to note that a stroke is a medical emergency, and immediate treatment is crucial to minimize brain damage and long-term disability. If you suspect someone is experiencing a stroke, call emergency services right away.

 

To learn more about stroke please click on https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/

 

Dr Ibrahim Yahli MD MRCPsych

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