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Physical Health

Arthritis

Overview

Arthritis is a general term used to describe inflammation in one or more joints. It is a common condition that can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected joints. 

 

There are several types of arthritis, including:

  • Osteoarthritis: a degenerative condition caused by the wear and tear of the cartilage that cushions the joints
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints and surrounding tissue
  • Gout: a type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints
  • Psoriatic arthritis: a form of arthritis that affects people with psoriasis, a condition that causes scaly, red patches on the skin

Causes of arthritis can include:

  • Age-related wear and tear
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Genetics
  • Infections
  • Trauma or injury
  • Obesity

Symptoms of arthritis can include:

  • Pain and stiffness in the joints
  • Swelling and tenderness in the joints
  • Limited range of motion in the affected joints
  • Fatigue
  • Stiffness and pain that is worse in the morning

Diagnosis of arthritis is usually made by a physical examination, an evaluation of medical history, X-ray, MRI, and blood tests.

 

Treatment for arthritis will depend on the type of arthritis and the severity of symptoms. Some common treatments include:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
  • Exercise to help maintain flexibility and improve overall health
  • Steroids to reduce inflammation
  • Surgery to repair or replace damaged joints
  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis

 

It is important to note that arthritis is a chronic condition, and there is no cure, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

 

To learn more about arthritis, please visit https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/

 

Dr Ibrahim Yahli MD MRCPsych

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